Now our task as the attacker is to confirm our permissions in each of these folders. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Ĭ:\Windows\System32\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeysĬ:\Windows\System32\Tasks\Microsoft\Windows\SyncCenterĬ:\Windows\System32\Tasks_Migrated (after peforming a version upgrade of Windows 10)Ĭ:\Windows\SysWOW64\Tasks\Microsoft\Windows\SyncCenterĬ:\Windows\SysWOW64\Tasks\Microsoft\Windows\PLA\System Navigating to this GitHub page here, we can see that api0cradle has generously created a list of folders within C:\Windows\* that are writeable for standard users by default: AppLocker Bypass – Default Writeable Folders So now what can we do from here? Well, we can check our permissions on all of the folders in both C:\Program Files and C:\Windows however, fortunately for us, someone has already done that and created a list of default folders standard users can write to within C:\Windows\*. com extensions that are associated with an app.ĪppLocker defines script rules to include only the following file formats. The only issue is that these folders generally have tight permissions by default.ĪppLocker defines executable rules as any files with the. This means that we can only execute scripts from either of those folders or any subfolders inside (from the wildcard). The default rules that are set permit the execution of executables and scripts only from within C:\Windows\* or C:\Program Files\*. Here we can see that AppLocker is indeed running and that the default rules have been set on this host for both executables and scripts. We can confirm if AppLocker is running by using the following PowerShell command: Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections This message hints to AppLocker running on the victim. With winPEAS now on the victim, we attempt to execute it but we find that we are blocked by the group policy. To see many more ways to transfer files between your attacker machine and a Windows victim, check out my post on the topic here. If you don’t have a copy of winPEAS, you can grab one here. From there, we setup an HTTP server on our attacker machine and then download winPEAS onto the victim. systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"Host Name" /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" /C:"System Type" /C:"Hotfix(s)"ĭuring our initial enumeration, we decide to make a C:\temp folder to work out of as we begin transferring some tools onto the victim. Enumerating AppLockerįor this example, we have gotten a shell on a Server 2019 machine as the standard user bill. One thing to note about AppLocker is that it can only be applied to Windows 10 Enterprise and Server 2016 / 2019 operating systems. These include executable files, scripts, Windows Installer files, dynamic-link libraries (DLLs), packaged apps, and packaged app installers. Due to the wildcard (*) this means that an EXE can only be executed from C:\Program Files as well as any of its subfolders.ĪppLocker helps you control which apps and files users can run. For example, an Administrator can set rules with AppLocker that will only allow a user to execute EXE files from C:\Program Files\*. After that, we will look at two techniques that can be used to bypass the restraints of AppLocker so that we can use our tools on the victim.ĪppLocker is a feature (policy) that is used to create restrictions on certain file types (applications) and where they can be executed from. From there, we will enumerate and confirm that AppLocker is indeed installed and running with default rules. We will start with a hunch that AppLocker is enabled when we find ourselves unable to execute any of our tools on the victim. In this post we will cover the topic of AppLocker Bypass, which can be considered a step towards Windows Privilege Escalation because AppLocker will stuff all of our attempts to execute any files that we transfer onto the victim.
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